如何在WordPress上逐步升级PHP
升级WordPress服务器上的PHP是一项常见任务。某些关键插件（例如RankMath SEO）可能无法在当前Debian PHP版本上运行。
在这个分步教程中，我们将在运行Apache和PHP作为Apache模块（最常见的配置）的Debian Buster WordPress服务器上，将PHP 7.3升级到PHP 7.4。
请以root身份或使用sudo运行以下命令。
当前状态
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php -v
PHP 7.3.31-1~deb10u2 (cli) (built: Dec 15 2022 09:39:10) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.3.31, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.3.31-1~deb10u2, Copyright (c) 1999-2018, by Zend Technologies
update-alternatives --config php
There is only one alternative in link group php (providing /usr/bin/php): /usr/bin/php7.3
Nothing to configure.
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步骤1 - 备份你的网站
使用mysqldump备份数据库，使用tar备份文档根目录。将这些文件放在安全的地方（通常使用scp）。
作为替代方案，你可以使用WP Migrate Lite导出数据库。
步骤2 - 添加SURY仓库
SURY仓库提供许多PHP版本。
你可以使用Debian的官方指南将其添加到系统中：
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apt-get update
apt-get -y install apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates curl
curl -sSLo /usr/share/keyrings/deb.sury.org-php.gpg https://packages.sury.org/php/apt.gpg
sh -c 'echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/deb.sury.org-php.gpg] https://packages.sury.org/php/ $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/php.list'
apt-get update
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add-apt-repository -y ppa:ondrej/php
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步骤3 - 设置PHP 7.4
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apt-get install php7.4
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
libapache2-mod-php7.4 libpcre2-8-0 php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-json php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline
Suggested packages:
php-pear
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libapache2-mod-php7.4 php7.4 php7.4-cli php7.4-common php7.4-json php7.4-opcache php7.4-readline
The following packages will be upgraded:
libpcre2-8-0
1 upgraded, 7 newly installed, 0 to remove and 37 not upgraded.
Need to get 3,991 kB of archives.
After this operation, 17.6 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
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当前状态
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php -v
PHP 7.4.33 (cli) (built: Jan 13 2023 10:38:05) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v7.4.33, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
update-alternatives --config php
There are 2 choices for the alternative php (providing /usr/bin/php).
Selection Path Priority Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0 /usr/bin/php7.4 74 auto mode
1 /usr/bin/php7.3 73 manual mode
2 /usr/bin/php7.4 74 manual mode
Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number:
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步骤4 - 设置PHP 7.4扩展
这些可能因你的WordPress配置而异。然而，WordPress服务器上最常见的PHP扩展是：
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apt-get install php7.4-mysql
apt-get install php7.4-mbstring
apt-get install php7.4-memcached
apt-get install php7.4-gd
apt-get install php7.4-curl
apt-get install php7.4-zip
apt-get install php7.4-xml
apt-get install php7.4-imagick
apt-get install php7.4-bcmath
apt-get install php7.4-opcache
apt-get install php7.4-apcu
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在此处查找WordPress建议的扩展列表。
步骤5 - 添加自定义配置（如果有）
在我的情况下：
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cp /etc/php/7.3/apache2/conf.d/99_error_log.ini /etc/php/7.4/apache2/conf.d/99_error_log.ini
cp /etc/php/7.3/apache2/conf.d/99_security.ini /etc/php/7.4/apache2/conf.d/99_security.ini
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步骤6 - 将新的PHP 7.4版本应用到Apache
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a2dismod php7.3
a2enmod php7.4
systemctl restart apache2.service
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此时，更改在phpinfo中可见：
步骤7 - 切换PHP版本
如果你需要更改配置：
从PHP 7.3升级到PHP 7.4
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systemctl stop apache2.service
a2dismod php7.3
a2enmod php7.4
update-alternatives --config php
update-alternatives --config phar
update-alternatives --config phar.phar
systemctl start apache2.service
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从PHP 7.4降级到PHP 7.3
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systemctl stop apache2.service
a2dismod php7.4
a2enmod php7.3
update-alternatives --config php
update-alternatives --config phar
update-alternatives --config phar.phar
systemctl start apache2.service
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