未来主义已死:技术预测沦为商业工具,行业急需道德觉醒

本文深度剖析现代未来主义行业的危机:从技术预测工具沦为商业附庸,缺乏道德伦理考量,提出必须回归Cornish的系统方法论与Slaughter的伦理框架结合,实现真正具有社会价值的未来塑造。

未来主义已死 | HackerNoon

作者:Theo Priestley
2025年7月11日

太长不读版:欧内斯特·海明威曾写道:“世界是个好地方,值得为之奋斗”——如果未来主义者是为之奋斗的人,岂不美哉?不幸的是,我们可能找错了方向。

开场暴论:未来主义必须死

我先来个大胆的声明:未来主义必须死

好了,我说完了。继续吧。

(在这篇发泄文中,我将使用“未来主义者”和“未来主义”来描述未来学、未来研究和远见战略的实践。主要是因为前者已成为口语术语,比更正式的同义词更广为人知和接受。本文与意大利艺术运动无关。)

这不是预测。嗯,从某种角度来说,它是。不过,如果感觉像似曾相识,还能算预测吗?你看,13年前,我就写过类似关于业务流程管理行业的文章,引起了轰动和骚动,我觉得有必要重复这种宣泄和曝光的过程。

行业现状:保护主义与衰落

首先,我浏览了专业未来主义者协会(Association of Professional Futurists)的网站和社区,根据他人的反馈,我知道会发现什么:一个充满保护主义的迷失组织,一个不情愿的社区,以及大量取消的会员资格,这些人不再觉得支付会费只为佩戴AFP徽章有什么价值。

然后,我偶然发现了世界未来协会(World Future Society)燃烧的灰烬,这是该行业的OG,由Edward Cornish于1960年代创立。这个曾经是专业远见实践者社区的诞生地,以及该领域许多正式化的发源地,现在只不过是一个被遗弃的论坛。在60年代和70年代,Cornish和组织在帮助正式化从业者使用的方法和工具方面发挥了重要作用,将该行业带入了白宫和世界各国政府。现在,甚至连wfs.org域名都不复存在,指向一个 shady 的金融服务网站,这无疑是WFS前主席的另一项 venture。

终极讽刺是,真正的世界未来协会现在只存在于Wayback Machine中,被归入隐藏的历史,几年后,没有人会记得去查找,更不用说记得它曾经存在过。

我无法评论/futurology subreddit,因为我被滑稽地禁止在那里发帖,我的文章被删除。再次回到我18个月前说的话,你根本无法对一个涉及研究未来可能性但自身没有未来的领域持批评态度。

我不是唯一一个。该领域的异议越来越多。

“在谈到现在的未来主义者时,我完全同意你的观点。我对目前看到的‘由迪拜赞助’的远见东西感到幻灭,每个人都在做。”
“我甚至怀疑未来主义者是否有未来……”

2003年,WIRED出现了一篇尖锐的评论文章,声称“未来主义已死”,引用了一些 lapse 和 recovering 的未来主义者关于该领域状态的看法。

问题核心:从远见到商业工具

未来主义注定失败,不仅仅因为傻瓜在该领域盛行。它注定失败,因为** loosely informed、万事通、趋势观察 pontificator**(读作:专业未来主义者)已经过时。

这部分是真的——今天所谓的未来主义者,只不过是在LinkedIn上 regurgitate 最近的新闻稿,并添加AI生成的评论和表情符号,以获取点击量,谈论这将在5年内有多酷。

未来主义者没有水晶球。他们检查趋势并演练假设场景。任何有魄力和拨号连接的hausfrau都可以做到。

尽管战略远见和未来研究有许多方法可供从业者使用,但实际上,将它们用于提高组织效率、市值和公司盈利能力,只不过 quantitative research 和 statistical risk analysis 的组合。

这是远见实践的不幸真相;它已成为一种 corporate weapon,帮助商业领袖获得竞争优势,而不是作为帮助社会导航并为自身未来采取行动的工具。

这可能是一个 sweeping generalisation 和有点 myopic view。在核心上,战略远见不仅仅是 numerical precision 预测未来;它是关于使用多种方法 develop deeper understanding of potential futures,以在当下做出更好的决策。

但是,如果你看看今天的未来主义者,他们的 credentials、他们称之为客户和合作对象的人, mostly the private sector。对未来没有真正的兴趣, only how to avoid a costly mistake that will hit the bottom line or try to account for some new consumer trend they should be taking full advantage of。

未来主义者,如他们现在定义自己,是 celebrity evangelists。他们说的是否错误并不重要;反正没有人会记得。他们只是听起来令人信服,因为他们以与ChatGPT相同的 confidence 声称,如果你给他们一个舞台,他们就会以与 teleevangelist 相同的 flourish。

(顺便说一句,有大量未来主义者使用大型语言模型为他们完成工作,现实是,你到底支付未来主义者做什么,你自己用一点 critical thinking 和20美元的订阅费做不到?)

不仅仅是未来主义者没有衣服,而是未来主义者没有羞耻。未来主义的未来正处于一个关键时刻;在核心上,它有一个 identity crisis。在Foresight Folk进行的一项 recent survey 中,这一点非常 evident。

坦率地说,它需要成长并 shed some skin。

远见应该 remain a rigorous methodology for long-term corporate planning,还是 evolve into a socially engaged, activist discipline?你已经知道我的感受,但让我们暂时停止 assassination attempts,并 turn the clock back a bit,因为当 looking to the past for answers about the future 时,有智慧和 potential path forward,我认为 absolute imperative to consider。

Cornish的遗产:塑造未来而非预测

现在进入未来主义的 meat and potatoes。

再次阅读他2004年的圣经《Futuring: The Exploration of the Future》很奇怪,因为Cornish stated that the whole premise around futurism was not to predict the future but to shape it。它从来不是为了 prophecy;他将其框架为一种 proactive discipline,专注于 empower people with agency to shape a more desirable future for generations to come。

已经, so many have strayed from what the field of futurism was meant to be about and turned it into a cheap circus act。这在Forsight Folk研究中得到呼应,绝大多数人 cite a ‘fascination with the future’ as a primary driving force to enter the profession as a mid-career pivot,但对 understanding the cultural, societal, and ethical motivations for studying the future 的兴趣较少。

对 understanding indigenous futurism 的 emphasis 更少,这对我来说 ignores a larger part of the World in favour of Western beliefs and advancement。

从个人角度来看,这 tracks;人们把自己变成未来主义者,因为他们被金钱和 attention 所吸引, waffling out loud about trendy topics and gathering a flock of followers to put on a pitch deck for influencer work。

它与 agency 无关;那太像 hard work。

然而,Cornish underscored that foresight’s value was realised only when it inspired action;knowing was not enough;acting on that knowledge was crucial。看看今天的未来主义者, all mouth and no trousers, constant stream of podcasts, written op-eds, and keynotes with little conviction。

他为未来主义学科 put in place a structure 的目标是帮助 anticipate risks and opportunities,提供必要的 foresight 来 develop and achieve long-term goals。他 championed the idea that this was a learnable skill, a coherent body of knowledge and techniques for all, not just the privileged few。

事实上,大多数未来主义协会都是 knowledge and agency 的 gatekeepers behind a membership fee,我希望这会让Cornish turn in his grave。

Cornish的结构化方法

Cornish的结构化方法今天仍然存在。

  • Wildcards(低概率、高影响事件)
  • Scenario Planning(由Herman Kahn在RAND Corporation开发,以剧本写作技术命名)
  • Visioning(创建 compelling pictures of preferred futures,大多数未来主义者花费过多时间 primarily because it makes for a good keynote)
  • Delphi(当有足够关于过去的信息和数据时,可以使用 quantitative forecasting)
  • 甚至是他和同事 coined as Benestrophes(围绕一组 optimistic Wildcards 的 catastrophe 相反)

这绝不是 exhaustive list of methods,但它们是你会遇到的最广泛使用的方法。

Cornish进一步定义了 six supertrends,他认为这些趋势正在塑造未来。在很大程度上,这些仍然 valid,比以往任何时候都更 so。

  1. 技术进步:文化变革的主要引擎( arguably the most destructive and manipulative of all)
  2. 经济增长:由技术推动,导致更高的生活水平,但也有一种 persistent sense of what he called “relative poverty” as people compare themselves to others(社交媒体…)
  3. 健康改善:导致更长的寿命和老龄化人口(随着生活成本增加 beyond their pensionable means,除了找更多工作外别无他法)
  4. 流动性增加:人、商品和疾病的全球流动,也可能削弱 local community ties( pandemic taught us some lessons here,我们 constant bickering over imaginary borders 将在下一点 smacks us in the face 时 hit hard)
  5. 环境衰退:进步的 stark counterpoint,由人口和经济增长驱动(技术进步将被 touted as a silver bullet but ultimately fail)
  6. 文化去化增加:由于全球化和流动性,传统文化的 loss and blending(为什么研究和包容 polyfuturism 以及 indigenous cultures view the future 比强迫 everyone 接受西方视角更重要)

再次指向最近的Foresight Folk调查,对 present and technology trends 的 overemphasis risks neglecting the structural factors essential for deep, long-term systems thinking。虽然研究中大多数未来主义者 desired long-term influence and systems change,但他们 rarely cited frustration with short-termism。

有 much stronger desire to develop skills in AI, technology, prototype building, and multimedia content creation,这对我来说 suggested the typical toolkit of the modern-day futurist,我是说TikTok influencer,我们今天看到的。

事实上,如果你问人们Cornish是谁,我怀疑许多人根本没有听说过他,可能会 cite Robert Scoble as their favourite futurist。

异议之声:Slaughter的伦理框架

现在我们来到 dissenting voices。

Richard Slaughter is a man after my own heart。Slaughter在他的书《Futures Thinking for Social Foresight》中, champions a layered epistemology,即远见战略必须 move beyond technocratic planning and shallow problem-solving into deeper cultural, philosophical, and ethical inquiry。

根据调查,这些正是 current futurists show a complete lack of interest in 的相同领域。

他的书旨在帮助 empower people to design their own self-actualising(我的妻子,一位心理治疗师,会为我使用这个术语感到骄傲!)pathways out of the industrial era。

Slaughter呼吁从他称之为“flatland futures”的 uninspired, deterministic projections,转向一种 integrate ethics, purpose, and imagination 的“wisdom culture”。他对晚期工业文化的 scathing assessment smacks you in the face,称其为“the most rapacious, self-centered, and humanly destructive system yet seen upon the earth”,将其与战争、剥削和环境破坏联系起来。

这个领域是真正的战略远见:一种 disciplined and systematic approach to identify where to play, how to win in the future, and how to ensure organizational resiliency in the face of unforeseen disruption。

来自一篇HBR文章 on foresight strategy 的引述 really says it all about the state of futurism and why I believe Slaughter is correct。

他说未来主义 cannot be neutral,将远见视为 moral imperative,而不是 consulting toolkit for those same destructive corporate systems。

换句话说,未来主义者必须 become activists, not corporate shills。它强调,远见虽然强大,但最终 only as useful as the action it inspires。知道某事可能发生是一回事。 acting on that knowledge 是另一回事。这是一个巨大的差距,但也 echoes how Cornish felt himself。

他认为,如果我们确定知道即将发生什么,为什么还要 bother to act?人类 agency 将 fit in哪里?这意味着未来的不确定性正是 enable our freedom to choose and shape it。

预测 removes choice

然而,所有流行文化未来主义者这些天似乎都在做的是 try to predict the future as dictated by someone else。

Slaughter采取了与Cornish不同的未来主义方法,创建了一组分类类别。

  • 流行未来主义:天真、 uncritical optimism(这主要是我们今天从未来主义者那里看到的, bullshit rhetoric taken straight out of the pages of whichever venture capitalist techno manifesto they side with。当你听到像‘abundance’这样的术语时,这就是它的来源)
  • 问题聚焦远见:处理症状而不解决根本原因(如识别气候变化或资源枯竭,但 waffling about superficial solutions without addressing the deeper systemic causes)
  • 批判性未来研究:质疑权力结构和文化范式( definitely not enough of the former, primarily because you’ll be blacklisted,但我们需要 so much more of the latter)
  • 认识论未来:挑战我们 know and think altogether 的方式(见:Polyfuturism, largely ignored in favour of Western forecasts imposed on everyone else,但挑战不仅仅是问题,而是我们如何思考它)

他继续 argue that “futures work that misses the shaping significance of socio-cultural foundations will increasingly be seen as naïve and superficial”。换句话说,我们浪费了 far too much valuable time enabling the systems that are destroying our world, our freedoms, our rights and far less time giving agency back to everyone to shape better futures for themselves。

现代未来主义已经 abandoned imaginative audacity in favour of safe, data-driven optimism to appease an already fattened C-suite。

Prediction without empowerment is futile,正如Cornish hinted at 和Slaughter strongly advocates。未来主义必须 reorient from “forecasting for clients” to “capacity-building for communities”。他知道塑造未来的力量 resides in people, not in any single image of the future。

Slaughter甚至 years ago warned us of the relentless focus on compulsive technological dynamism to determine the future,像Marc Andreessen这样的风险资本家 violently thrust their opinions towards us about,如果我们批评他们,就 accuse us of being Luddites and scared of the (their) future。

我想知道Slaughter会对他们的 tech fascist manifesto “The Network State” 有什么看法,以及他们如何看待世界,以及我们这些不符合他们形象的人有什么位置……听起来熟悉吗?

令人担忧的是,许多未来主义者尚未 openly comment on this overt piece of work that threatens to shape the future for the few and remove agency from the rest,虽然不 surprising because it would cost them dearly to do so。

然而,这正是世界现在需要的 agency,站出来 fight for possible futures that benefit the many, not the few。

未来主义必须死:行业道德清算

未来主义者处于危机中。未来主义已成为 nothing more than corporate theatre,这不能被 dismissed。如果远见继续 primarily serve elite institutions,它 risks losing public legitimacy。反正它已经被视为一个充满 crystal ball gazing charlatans 的领域,无论你是否想 recognise the public perception。

没有有意义的、文化的、伦理的 engagement and critique of systems of power,它可能 replicate the very futures it seeks to avoid or present alternatives to。

我会 repeat this till I’m blue in the face:远见 fundamentally about agency。该领域 potential greatest achievements lie in democratising futures thinking and equipping individuals with the tools and agency to anticipate and shape change, not the corporations。不幸的是,实现这一潜力意味着该行业必须 accept and address its blind spots through ethical reflection and integrate diverse worldviews into its core practices。

Cornish的框架提供了 essential, systematic toolkit。没有这种 methodological rigour,远见 risks becoming mere speculation and science fiction。Slaughter提供了必要的 ethical and philosophical grounding, pushing futurists to question underlying assumptions and grapple with what the future should be, not just what it might be。我的立场是,必须有 activism,并 blending of the two sides to take charge and be custodians of better futures for everyone and not let an unwanted future happen to us。

因此,未来主义职业的未来取决于其 willingness to confront its own complicity in handing over the future to the wrong hands。它是关于 equip people with the tools to think about the future,同时 challenging the power structures that seek to define it,明天的创造 truly collective and equitable, not a dictatorship。

未来主义者将 remain passive researchers, become activists or something else entirely?

坦率地说,整个行业需要 moral reckoning。

我们需要 protect the future for everyone, not just the few。这可能意味着 much bigger focus on participatory foresight,让 diverse communities involved in helping them shape and protect their futures, not just having Western futures dictated to them。

它是关于 democratising the whole profession and dumping the corporate consulting focus。把那个留给McKinsey wannabes或 entirely divorce it from futurism and call it for what it is: statistical and risk analysis。

结果,未来主义者是 step behind everyone else who is in control and dictating a future that they want to manifest for themselves。欧内斯特·海明威写道:“世界是个好地方,值得为之奋斗”——如果未来主义者是为之奋斗的人,岂不美哉?

出于本文和我写过的其他文章中引用的所有原因以及更多原因,未来主义必须死,以便未来主义者有未来

接受它吧。

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