HTB Code靶机渗透:Python代码编辑器过滤绕过与备份脚本提权

本文详细分析了HackTheBox的Code靶机渗透过程,涉及Python代码编辑器的关键字过滤绕过、RCE获取、数据库密码破解,以及利用备份脚本的目录遍历漏洞实现提权,涵盖多种实际渗透技术。

HTB: Code

侦察

nmap扫描

nmap发现两个开放的TCP端口:SSH(22)和HTTP(5000):

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oxdf@hacky$ nmap -p- --min-rate 10000 10.10.11.62
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025-03-25 21:22 UTC
Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.62
Host is up (0.092s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed tcp ports (reset)
PORT     STATE SERVICE
22/tcp   open  ssh
5000/tcp open  upnp

oxdf@hacky$ nmap -p 22,5000 -sCV 10.10.11.62
Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2025-03-25 21:23 UTC
Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.62
Host is up (0.094s latency).

PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp   open  ssh     OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.12 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey: 
|   3072 b5:b9:7c:c4:50:32:95:bc:c2:65:17:df:51:a2:7a:bd (RSA)
|   256 94:b5:25:54:9b:68:af:be:40:e1:1d:a8:6b:85:0d:01 (ECDSA)
|_  256 12:8c:dc:97:ad:86:00:b4:88:e2:29:cf:69:b5:65:96 (ED25519)
5000/tcp open  http    Gunicorn 20.0.4
|_http-title: Python Code Editor
|_http-server-header: gunicorn/20.0.4
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

基于OpenSSH版本,主机可能运行Ubuntu 20.04 focal。端口5000上的Web服务器是Gunicorn,表明是一个Python应用程序。

网站 - TCP 5000

站点

该站点是一个Python代码编辑器:

点击“运行”在右侧显示输出:

尝试反向Shell,但返回错误:

“关于”链接弹出一个对话框:

有一个登录页面。注册并登录后,导航栏中出现“我的代码”链接:

初始为空:

使用保存按钮并命名后,显示出来:

技术栈

主页响应头仅显示Gunicorn:

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: gunicorn/20.0.4
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2025 21:26:52 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 3435
Vary: Cookie

成功登录后,设置了一个cookie:

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HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND
Server: gunicorn/20.0.4
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2025 22:09:51 GMT
Connection: close
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Content-Length: 189
Location: /
Vary: Cookie
Set-Cookie: session=.eJx1jDEKAjEQRa8yTh22sdsbCBZiJ7IsQzIbB-IEMsmKLHt304pY_eK99zecl0T2YMPxviHUPvhkM4qMDk-6UpIAvnBgrULJBrgkJmOo5Q0USXTAaXe_7ZWjWC1UJStY876TpaUD3HIDTwqaX5B
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